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| VIET NAM |
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| Vietnam signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) on 11 June 1992, and ratified it on 16 November 1994. Viet Nam
signed the Kyoto Protocol on 3 December 1998 and ratified it on 25 September
2002.Has signed the Kyoto Protocol on 3rd December 1998 and ratified it
on 25 September 2002. |
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| 1. General policy and relevant bodies |
| Viet Nam National Assembly approved the Environmental Protection Law in 1993 and its amendments in 2005. In 2000, Viet Nam developed the National Environmental Protection Strategy for the period of 2001-2010, which aims to continuously protect and improve environment in order to raise the living standard and health of the people, and to ensure sustainable development of the country. |
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| The National Strategy for Environmental Protection, 2001-2010, formulated by Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE) and submitted to the Government for approval in 2000, sets out a series of strategic objectives, in terms of pollution prevention, rational and sustainable resource use, and environmental quality improvement, for specific areas of concern. These include coastal and marine ecosystems; freshwater ecosystems, wetlands and groundwater; land and mineral resources; biological diversity; urban and industrial areas; rural ecosystems; and natural and cultural heritage. |
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| The Strategic Orientation for Sustainable Development in Viet Nam was published in August 2004 “in order to sustainably develop the country on the basis of close, reasonable and harmonious coordination of economic and social development and environmental protection” (see Viet Nam Agenda 21, Article 1). This document has highlighted a number of priority areas in natural resource utilization, environmental protection and pollution control for sustainable development, as follows: |
- Prevention of land deterioration, effective and sustainable utilization of land resources;
- Water environment protection and sustainable utilization of water resources;
- Appropriate exploitation and thrifty and sustainable utilization of mineral resources;
- Protection of marine, coastal and island environments and promotion of marine resources;
- Forest protection and development;
- Air pollution reduction in industrial and urban areas;
- Solid waste and toxic waste management;
- Biodiversity conservation;
- Implement measures for mitigating climate change, limiting its negative impacts, preventing and controlling natural disasters.
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| The socio-economic development strategy 2001-2010 confirms Viet Nam's perspective of development as "rapid growth accompanied by effective and sustainable development and economic growth in parallel with advancement, social equality and environmental protection". In 2005, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Viet Nam (MONRE) published the Five-Year Plan 2006-2010 for Natural Resources and Environment Sector, which emphasizes sustainable development and "environment protection will be given the same level of attention as other socio-economic development issues". |
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| On 17 October 2005, the Vietnamese Prime Minister has issued a Directive on the implementation of Kyoto Protocol (KP) to UNFCCC, which instructs various ministries and government agencies, as well as provincial/municipal People's Committee, to effectively implement the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. This is probably one of the first of its kind in the Asia-Pacific region. |
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| Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) was assigned by Vietnamese Government as a National Authority for taking part in and implementing UNFCCC and KP as well as a National Focal Agency for the CDM in Viet Nam. |
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| The climate change country team and CDM national technical expert team composed of experts, scientists, officials from related ministries, agencies, organizations to manage, coordinate the implementation of climate change and CDM activities were established. |
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| Some studies and projects concerning climate change and CDM were carried out. |
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| Initial National Communication on Climate Change (INC) was completed and sent to UNFCCC Secretariat in November 2003. National GHG Inventories were completed for 1990, 1993, 1994 and 1998. |
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| Viet Nam National Strategy Study on CDM financially supported by Government of Australia through WB was completed. |
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| Project "Capacity Development for CDM in Viet Nam" launched by UNEP with the financial support from Government of Netherlands is implementing in Viet Nam. |
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| Project "EU-Asia institutional cooperation and multinational dialogues on enabling the meaningful participation of Viet Nam, Cambodia and Laos in CDM" funded under EU Asia ProEco Programme and two European partners of the project: HWWA and JIN is carrying out in Viet Nam. |
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| The International Cooperation Department (ICD) of MONRE was the CDM Designated National Authority (DNA) in Viet Nam (Official Document No 502/BTNMT-HTQT dated 24 March 2003). |
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| ・ DNA of Viet Nam has the following functions and tasks: |
- Building national assessment criteria, regulations and guidelines on
CDM
- Assessing CDM projects at the national level
- Submitting potential CDM projects to CDM National Executive and Consultative
Board (CNECB) for evaluating them
- Receiving, assessing and submitting CDM Project Idea Note (PIN) or Project Development Document (PDD) to the Minister of MONRE for issuing a formal letter of endorsement or letter of approval respectively
- Providing CDM information to interested investors, related organizations,
consultants and public
- Managing and coordinating CDM activities and investment in Viet Nam.
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| ICD of MONRE also is the managing and coordinating agency for climate change activities in Viet Nam. |
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Viet Nam's CDM National Executive and Consultative Board (CNECB) was also
established in April 2003 (Decision No 553/QD-BTNMT dated 29 April 2003
and Decision No 813/QD-BTNMT dated 8 July 2004) and chaired by Director
General of ICD of MONRE.
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・ CNECB consists of 12 representatives from:
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- MONRE (one chairperson, one permanent representative and one secretary)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
- Ministry of Finance (MOF)
- Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI)
- Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
- Ministry of Industry (MOI)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)
- Ministry of Education and Training (MOET)
- Ministry of Trade (MOT)
- Viet Nam Union of Science and Technology Associations (VUSTA)
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| ・ The CNECB's functions and tasks are as follows: |
- Providing consultations to MONRE on policies related to development, implementation, management of CDM activities in the country
- Providing consultation on guidance and assessment for CDM projects in Viet Nam under the Kyoto Protocol and the UNFCCC.
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| 2. CDM activities in Viet Nam |
| Vietnamese Government paid special attention to the climate change issues and CDM. |
| Article 12 of the KP created CDM to assist developing countries including Viet Nam in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the implementation of the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC. |
| KP has brought new perspectives on responses and strategic actions to counteract climate change in Viet Nam. |
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| CDM also gives new opportunities for Viet Nam to acquire new and additional financial resources and transfer of environmentally sound technologies and to develop human resources. |
| CDM projects in Viet Nam play an important role in sustainable socio-economic development, improvement of people living conditions and poverty reduction through income and employment generation together with environmental protection in the country. |
| Potential fields for development and implementation of CDM projects in Viet Nam: |
- Application of renewable energy sources;
- Energy efficiency, conservation and saving;
- Small and medium Hydro power;
- Fuel switching;
- CH4 recovery and utilization from waste disposal sites, coal mining and wastewater treatment;
- Associated gas recovery and utilization by oil production activities;
- Afforestation and reforestation
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| CDM PDD Projects approved by Viet Nam DNA: |
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- Rang Dong Oil Field Associated Gas Recovery and Utilization Project in
Ba Ria-Vung Tau province. PDD was developed by Viet Nam Oil and Gas Corporation
PETROVIETNAM, Japan-Viet Nam Petroleum Co., Ltd and CONOCOPHILLIPS GAMA
Ltd of UK. PDD was approved by DNA, MONRE on 06 May 2004. The estimated
total emission reduction from this Project for 10 years is 6,740,000 tCO2.
This Project was registered by EB on 4 February 2006.
- The Model Project for Renovation to Increase the Efficiency Use of Energy in Brewery in Thanh Hoa Province. PDD was developed by Ha Noi Alcohol Beer and Beverage Corporation, Thanh Hoa Beer Joint Stock Company, NEDO and Mayekawa MFG, Co., Ltd of Japan. PDD was approved by DNA, MONRE on 30 December 2004. The estimated total emission reduction from this Project for 10 years is 121,000 tCO2.
- Song Con 2 Hydroelectricity Project in Quang Nam province. PDD was developed by Song Con Joint Stock Company, Asia Carbon Viet Nam and Research Center for Energy and Environment of Viet Nam. PDD was approved by DNA, MONRE on 31 October 2005. The estimated total emission reduction from this Project for 10 years is 1,000,000 tCO2.
- Ngoi Duong Hydroelectricity Project in Lai Cai province. PDD was developed by Lao Cai Minerals Company, Asia Carbon Viet Nam and Research Center for Energy and Environment of Viet Nam. PDD was approved by DNA, MONRE on 31 October 2005. The estimated total emission reduction from this Project for 10 years is 284,000 tCO2.
- Song Muc Small Hydro Power Station Rehabilitation Project in Thanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam. PDD was developed by Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc of Japan and AGRIMECO of Viet Nam. PDD was approved by DNA, MONRE on 10 March 2006. The estimated total emission reduction from this Project for 10 years is 42,980 tCO2. This Project was registered by EB on 26 June 2006.
- Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment and Energy Recovery Project at Xa Bang
Rubber Factory under Ba Ria Rubber Company, Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province PDD
was developed by Nippon Mining Research & Technology Co., Ltd (Japan),
Viet Nam General Rubber Corporation (Viet Nam). PDD was approved by DNA,
MONRE on 6 June 2006. The estimated total emission reduction from this
Project for 10 years is 94,005 tCO2e.
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| Some PINs were also endorsed by Viet Nam DNA. |
| Several PDDs and PINs are under development. |
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| 3. Adaptation to climate change |
| In the INC, vulnerability assessment was undertaken for water resources, agriculture, coastal zone, forestry, energy and transport, fishery, and human health using the outputs of the CSIRO Mark 2 global climate model based on the global GHG emission scenarios (IS92a and IS92b) for Southeast Asia. |
| Apart from the INC project, a number of other studies, projects and activities on climate change impacts and related issues, including those related to disasters preparedness in a number of provinces and villages in Central Viet Nam where it is more prone to climate-related disasters, have been undertaken by various agencies and groups. These include: |
- Disaster Preparedness concerned to Climate Change (a pilot project)
- Capacity-building for adaptation to climate change (CACC) from 2002-2005
- The Viet Nam-Netherlands Integrated Coastal Zone Management (VNICZM) Project
- Seven other projects relating to disaster mitigation and management, including formulation of strategies and actions for future disaster mitigation and management, have also been implemented in Central Viet Nam where it is most vulnerable to climate-related disasters. These projects are funded by various international agencies (e.g., UNDP and the World Bank) and donors (DANIDA, the Governments of the Netherlands and Luxemburg, etc.)
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| Viet Nam also participated in a regional project entitled Southeast Asia Regional Vulnerability to Changing Water Resource and Extreme Hydrological Events due to Climate Change, funded by the START Secretariat and implemented by the Southeast Asia START Regional Centre in Bangkok, Thailand. This project uses high-resolution climate and hydrological scenarios as the basis for assessing vulnerability of social and economic sectors in the Mekong river basin to changing water regimes due to climate and land cover changes. |
| The proposed activities on adaptation to climate change in the next period are as follows: |
- Preparing and completing the Second National Communication of Viet Nam to UNFCCC (2006-2009).
- Detailed climate scenarios for Viet Nam up to the year 2100 based on "downscaling" of the outputs provided by these models will be developed to assess the vulnerability of the key socio-economic sectors to climate change.
- A comprehensive integrated vulnerability assessment for key socio-economic sectors, such as water resources; agriculture and food security; land use change and forestry; industry; coastal zone and reefs; fisheries; ecosystems; human health; transportation; public health; and public infrastructure.
- Implementing long-term adaptation measures that increase the resilience of national development sectors to the impacts of climate change for 2007-2017.
- Draft Policy Framework for Implementing Adaptation Measures for key socio-economic sectors will be developed.
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| Under the Government-Donor Partnership on Environment, which is called International Support Group on Environment (ISGE) that is led by MONRE, a working group is being established to mobilize a wide range of national agencies and interested international partners to work with MONRE and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - MARD (the Chair of the Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control or CCFSC) to identify how Viet Nam can build its adaptive capacity to climate change as part of the implementation of the UNFCCC. |
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| 4. References |
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NOCCOP -
National Office for Climate Change & Ozone Protection
International
Cooperation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Viet
Nam |
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